President Dr Mohamed Muizzu has ratified the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the Maldives, introducing several changes aimed at enhancing governance, safeguarding national sovereignty, and ensuring public participation in key decisions. Passed by the 20th Parliament during its 52nd sitting on 20 November 2024, the amendments are now in effect following their publication in the Government Gazette.
The changes impact various aspects of governance, including territorial integrity, national policy-making, and the use of Maldivian territory for military purposes.
Territorial Integrity and Public Involvement
The amendments to Articles 3(a) and 3(b) specify that any changes to the territory of the Maldives must be enacted through legislation passed by a three-fourths majority of Parliament. This includes alterations to the nation’s land, airspace, sea, seabed, and territorial waters as defined by law. A new subsection added to Article 262(b) further requires a public referendum to confirm popular support for laws that alter the country’s territory or for constitutional amendments passed by Parliament.
These measures aim to safeguard national sovereignty while ensuring that critical decisions involving the nation’s geography are made transparently and with public involvement. Such provisions could enhance stability, a factor that could positively influence investor confidence and economic planning.
Governance and Policy-Making
Amendments to Article 115(e) expand the President’s powers to include determining key national policies, providing advice and guidance to state agencies, and formulating national development plans and strategic visions. This shift centralises decision-making authority, with potential implications for the country’s governance structure and economic planning processes.
While centralisation can streamline decision-making, it also places greater responsibility on the executive branch to ensure transparency and accountability. Effective implementation of these changes will likely require robust checks and balances.
Regulating Foreign Military Presence
Article 251(c) introduces regulations concerning the use of Maldivian territory for military purposes by non-nationals. Such use is now allowed only through agreements or arrangements approved by a parliamentary majority, with exceptions made for military exercises conducted under contractual terms.
This amendment reflects a focus on protecting national sovereignty and ensuring that decisions involving foreign military activity are subject to parliamentary oversight. By reinforcing regulatory frameworks, the provision may mitigate risks associated with external pressures while maintaining strategic partnerships.
Economic Implications
Although the amendments are primarily governance-oriented, their impact on economic policy and investor sentiment is significant. The requirement for public referendums and parliamentary approval for major territorial or sovereignty-related decisions introduces a layer of certainty, reducing the risk of sudden policy shifts. This could appeal to foreign investors and strengthen confidence in the Maldivian business environment.
The expanded role of the President in shaping national development plans also suggests a renewed emphasis on long-term economic strategies. However, successful execution will depend on collaboration with legislative bodies and other stakeholders to balance the centralised authority with inclusive governance.
The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution reflects a shift towards more structured governance and enhanced public participation in critical national decisions. While these changes aim to strengthen sovereignty and accountability, their success will depend on effective implementation and adherence to democratic principles. For the Maldives, these constitutional reforms offer an opportunity to align governance frameworks with the nation’s broader economic and strategic aspirations.
