The Maldives is grappling with the growing consequences of rising sea levels and extreme weather events. The recent torrential rains and flooding, which affected hundreds of homes and displaced families across Male’, Hulhumale’, and several islands, are yet another reminder of the nation’s exposure to climate hazards. As the country braces for worsening impacts, the concept of resilient housing has emerged as a crucial tool for safeguarding communities and ensuring long-term sustainability.
The Resilient Housing Guidance for the Maldives, developed with technical support from the World Bank, offers a comprehensive framework for building homes that can withstand the increasing intensity of climate-related threats. Here’s how resilient housing can address the challenges faced by the Maldives and protect its most vulnerable communities.
The Need for Resilient Housing in the Maldives
The Maldives is particularly at risk from flooding, strong winds, and rising sea levels due to its low-lying geography. The recent weather events, including widespread flooding across islands such as F. Nilandhoo, Dh. Kudahuvadhoo, and ADh. Maamigli, demonstrate the devastating impacts of climate change on homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods.
While emergency measures, such as temporary shelters and sandbag barriers, offer short-term relief, the increasing frequency of such events underscores the need for long-term solutions. Resilient housing provides a way to mitigate these risks by ensuring homes are better equipped to withstand future disasters.
Key Features of Resilient Housing
The Resilient Housing Guidance focuses on practical and sustainable solutions to make homes safer and more adaptable to the changing climate.
- Elevating Homes Above Flood Levels:
Houses are recommended to be built at least 1-2 feet above the highest recorded flood levels to minimise the risk of water damage during heavy rains and sea surges. - Using Durable and Sustainable Materials:
Materials resistant to humidity, saltwater, and high temperatures—such as treated timber, concrete, and galvanised steel—can significantly enhance the lifespan of homes. - Improved Roofing Systems:
Reinforced roofs, designed to withstand strong winds and storms, are critical for reducing damage during cyclones and heavy gusts. - Strategic Site Selection:
Building homes on plots farther from the coastline or areas prone to flooding reduces exposure to hazards, while community planning ensures equitable access to services and amenities. - Energy Efficiency and Ventilation:
Designs incorporating natural ventilation and energy-efficient materials reduce heat stress and improve indoor air quality, offering protection during extreme heatwaves.
How Resilient Housing Benefits the Maldives
Resilient housing not only reduces the risks posed by climate hazards but also contributes to economic stability and environmental sustainability:
- Reduced Recovery Costs: By minimising damage during disasters, resilient homes lower the financial burden of post-disaster reconstruction and recovery.
- Improved Livelihoods: Communities with safer, well-planned housing are better positioned to recover quickly, ensuring minimal disruption to livelihoods.
- Climate Adaptation: By integrating climate-resilient features, the Maldives can proactively adapt to the challenges posed by rising sea levels and unpredictable weather patterns.
What Needs to Be Done
While the Maldives has made strides in disaster management and climate adaptation, resilient housing must become a cornerstone of national policy. The government should prioritise the following:
- Incentivising Resilient Construction: Providing subsidies or financial assistance for adopting resilient housing practices.
- Community Awareness: Educating the public on the benefits of resilient housing and encouraging local participation in climate adaptation efforts.
- Integrating Resilience into Development Plans: Ensuring all new housing and infrastructure projects incorporate resilient features.
By aligning government investments with the recommendations in the Resilient Housing Guidance, the Maldives can better prepare for the challenges ahead.
As climate change continues to intensify, resilient housing is no longer an option but a necessity for the Maldives. The recent flooding serves as a stark reminder of the urgency to adapt. By investing in resilient housing and embedding these principles into national development strategies, the Maldives can protect its citizens, preserve its unique environment, and secure its future as a thriving island nation.
